Tree Structure

Knowing about tree structure is just as important as knowing the different tools in woodworking, as it focuses on the very material with which we work. Below is a cross-section diagram of a tree. The terms are explained below.
Picture
(Source: http://monsterguide.net/files/2009/03/bark-cross-section-diagram.jpg)
Outer Bark:
The outer bark of the tree protects the tree and reduces water loss.

Cambium:
The Cambium is the thin membrane within the inner bark.


Pith:
The Pith is the core of the wood, and the centre of initial growth. When live, the pith is soft. When dead, the pith dries and falls out.

Rings:
Each year, a new ring appears on the inside of the tree. This enables scietists to date the age of the tree, as well as climatic patterns during the tree's life
based off the distance between rings.
 
Inner Bark:
This is the 'newer' bark which will transports sugars.


Sapwood:
The sapwood is the softer, younger, outer area of the tree, which is comprised of water connducting tissue.

Heartwood
The inactive, dead part of the inner tree. For woodworking purposes, this is the most important part of the tree.